Hydraulic apparatus



March l0. 1925. 1,529,633

F. NAGLER HYDRAULI C APPARATUS Filed March 27, 1922 Patented Mar. 10,1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT FFE.

FORREST NAGLER, OF WAUWATOSA, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR' TO ALLIS-CHALMEBSMANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, VISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OFDELAWARE.

HYDRAULIC APPARATUS.

To all whomv t may concern:

Be it known that FoRRssT NAGLER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Tauwatosa, in the county of Milwaukee and State ofWisconsin, has invented a certain new and useful Improvement inHydraulic Apparatus, of which the following is a specitication.

This invention relates in general to improvements in the art otconverting hydraulic eergy, and relates more specifically toimprovements in the construction, arrangement and operation of hydraulicinachines such as hydraulic turbines and pumps.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved hydraulic machinewhich is simple in construction and efiicient in operation. Anotherobject of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement, settingor association of a plurality of hydraulic turbines whereby a Hume ofminimum width may be utilized. A further object of the invention is toprovide simple and eiicient means for propelling centrifugal and similarhydraulic pumps. Another object of the invention is to provide ahigh-speed high pressure turbine driven pump in which the turbine andpump are direct connected and wherein the use of speed change gearing isunnecessary. Still another object of the invention is to provide aturbine driven pump unit in which a` common source of fluid supply isavailable to both the pumps and the turbines. A further object of theinvention is to provide for automatic balancing in turbineinstallations. These and other objects and advantages of the presentinvention will be apparent from the following description.

A clear vconception of an embodiment of the invention and of theoperation of devices constructed in accordance therewith, may be had byreferring to the drawing accompanying and forming a part of thisspecilication, in which like reference characters designate the same orsimilar parts in the several views.

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a turbine driven pump installation.

Fig. 2 is a part sectional side elevation of a turbine driven pumpinstallation.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged end View ot the turbine inlet structure.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged transverse vertical section through the turbineinlet structure.

Serial No. 546,995.

The hydraulic installation shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises in general aplurality of axial-How high-speed turbine impellers 2 mounted upon acommon horizontal shaft 3 directly connecting the impellers 2 with aplurality of high-speed double-suction centrifugal pump impellers 22which are also mounted upon the shaft 3. The turbine impellers 2 are ofthe purely axial llow type having relatively high specific speed. suchimpeller being illustrated and claimed in copending application, SerialNo. 197,964, tiled Oct. 20, 1917. Each of the turbine i1upellers 2receives its supply of actuating fluid through a purely axial iiowconduit formed by the casing 28 which comprises an inlet portion 4 and adischarge portion 5. The casings 23 of the impellers 2 are oppositelydirected and communicate with a common chamber or source 10 of Huidsupply and with a common discharge or tailrace 12. This arrangementproduces automatic balancing of the axial pressures on the shaft 3induced by the impellers 2.

The inlet portion 4 of each casing 2?), shown in detail in Figs. 3 and4. comprises a trumpet shaped annular wall 19, a hub 21 locatedcentrally within the wall 19. and a plurality of stationary guide vanes18 rigid ly uniting the wall 19 and the hub 21. 'lhc vanes 18 of eachcasing portion 4 are spaced axially from the adjacent impeller 2 so asto form a vane free transition space 20 be tween the guide vanes 18 andthe impelier 2, in which space 20 the whirling fluid is permitted toassume a natural whirling motion in order to avoid impact or shock uponentry of the stream to the impellcr The cross-section of the guide vanesat their medial portions, is substantially as indicated in the lowerhalf of Fig. 4. the vanes it# br ing axially directed at their inletportion and having their discharge portions inclined oppositely to thedirect ion of inclination ot' the adjacent impeller vaines. The hub 2tprovides a bearing for the main shaft il directly adjacent to each ofthe ilnjfwllcrsy 1,?.

These discharge casing portions 5 are like wise trumpet shaped asindicated, and are directed toward a vertical. wall (i separating andforming part of the decelerators through which the fluid is deliveredfrom the axiall)Y spaced impellers 2. The wall 6 and casings 23 aresupported by a hood or wall 17 which separates the common supply l()from the t] Vi tailrace l2. rl`he. common inlettlumeor supe pliv 1t) isrelativ-ehv narrovv and receives Huid from the penstock it when the gate11 is raisefh the gate 11 servingr as the sole means tor controllingdeliverv ot' Huid to the turbine impelleis i. A liv-pass connecting thopenstocl It ivith the tail racc 1L is normally closed bv means oi a putevalve lti.

Thrl punipim;` apparatus oomprises a pair of doul'ile-suctioncentrifugal pump inipellers-" arranged to receive tluid in series. Theimpeller ol' the loiv pressure pump T receives tluid through the.suction pipe 123 directly from the. commonsource 1D of Huid supply, anddelivers tluid through au inter mediate pipo 11 to the impeller Q2 ot'the high pressure pump t1. The high pressure pump may deliver. the tiuidto other.l pumpstapes or may deliver the fluid through a discharge pipel5.

During normal operationi ot the installation, the-gate valve lt isclosed and the gate 11 is opened allowing Huid to enter from thepenstock il and to suhstantiallvv till the com monsupply chamber ttt.From the suppl)v chzunlior 111 iluid is tree to enter thel impel.- lers2 in opposite axial dii-rations through the spat-es betiveen the guidevaries 1S and through thc tiwinsition .spaces 2U in advance of theiinpcllers 2. The tluid passingV the guide vanos 1S is therebv caused toivhirl and passes through the transition spaces 20 :ind through theimpellers 2 in the form ot' axiallv advancing whirling streams. Thetluid delivered from the nnpcllers L retains some ot its whirling;`motion and travels, :iltumvthe .lischarge portions 5 until iteventualliY impini:` s against the .pl'iosite sides ot" theI ivall Cwherculion the liuid is delict-ted outxvardl)v and is suhstantiallveompletelv tlecelel'atctl. The decelerated fluid drops ls)r gravit)Yinto the tailracc 12 trom whence it Hows by gravit)Y in the usualmanner.

The tiui-d in passing through the turbine impellens 2 imparts rotationto the shaftA 2 and to the pump impellers 22 mounted upon.

this shaft, The rotating,r pump impellcrs if. withdraw fluid from thocommon suppl)Y chamber lO through the pipes 13. l-l and deliver thisIHuid under ctmsiderable pressure through the discharge pipe 15. It willhe obvious that instead of connecting the siii;-

lion pipe 13 to the supply chamber l0, this. pipe mapv he connected toany` other sourcev of tliirtlsupply such :is the tail-race 12, but`sucha connection would require the provi-` sion of pump primingmeansiu'hich are` not. necessary when the chamber, lo is utilizeitns asupply source.

It will be notedl that the arrangement of the turbine impellens 2 andtheinlet and discharge conduits tlreol, :is illustrated, provides aninstallation which is exceedingly` compact and simple, thetompactness.being the. result. of admitting the tluid to the iiupellers.in axial directions. and tho siniplicitv being due to the elimination otooinplicated regulatinr and other mechanism. By utilizingturbineimpellers 2 havingA high characteristics or specitic speeds, the cen- 70trit'ugal pump impellers 22 ma)r be directly connected to the turbineimpellcr shat't. and

a pump having high characteristic spr-ids maP he utilized. Such`arrangement eliminatesI the necessity of providing complicated 75 endthrust balancing and regulating"A means as the impelleiis balanceeacliiother and are always subjected to ai constant loadi thuseliminatingr danger` of attaining runau'ay speeds. The directconnection; also elimi- 30 mites the use ot' inetticienttizansmissionigtearf ing suchas is necessaryx` when driving:y highspeedliic'li-iiires-xure centrifugal pumpswith they ordinaro7 Francisturbines, Bvconnecb ing the' pump suction pipe .13 to the uommoni S5supply. chamber 1D, special priming of the". pumps is unnecessary andthe. entireinstullation is freely accessil'ile when` the mann inletlgate 1,1 is olosed. The invention is applicable t0 Vertical or inclinedslm ft units 90 and to other than. turbine driven pump installations.

It should he understood that it is noti de. siredto limit the, inventionto the exact details of construction and of operation herein, 95 shownand described for obvious moditications within the scope of the claimsymayy occur to persons skilled in the, art.,

It is claimed and desired to securebyA Letters Patent.: 1""

1. In combinution, an impeller, tlirouirhy which Huid flows in an axialdirection only. means formingr an inlet, conduit of g'lulu-y allvdecreasingr cross sectional area ap-` proachinf,r said, impeller,stationanv guide i W5 vanes spanning` and projecting axially. be-l vondthe portion of said conduit having: greatest cross sectional arca, andmeanst'orniine; a discharge conduit of gradually increasing crosssectional areavrecedingr from ll" said impeller.

t?. In combination, an impeller through which fluid flows in au a.\ial.lircction,only, means formingT an inlet conduit of gradually'tlit'zreslsilit crosssectiionfll, :1re-a1 {tpll'l prout-hing' said.impoller. statiouauv guide varies spanninj,T and projet-tine4 axiallyho- `vond the pontion ot said. conduit, having` greatest crosssectitinaluiremsaid guide vanos having inlet. guidinjr.r surfaces lyingin l "l planes parallel to the axisot' said impeller and havingdischarge guiding surfaces l'ving in planes intersecting said axis. andmeans forming a discharge conduit 1to1-adually. increasingcrosssectional. area reced- 5 ingr from said` impeller.

2). In conibination` an impeller through which tluid tions in an axialdirection .only means forming an inlet conduit of gradually decreasingcroi-s sectional area, approaching lit" said iinpeller, stationary guidevvanes spanning and projecting axially beyond the p0rtion of saidconduit having greatest cross sectional area, said guide vanes beingspaced from said ilnpeller and said conduit being free from obstructionsat said space, and means forming a discharge conduit of graduallyincreasing cross sectional area receding from said impcller.

4. In combination, an iinpeller through which fluid flows in an axialdirection only, means forn'iing an inlet conduit of gradually decreasingcross sectional area communicating with said impeller, stationary guideYanes spanning the portion of said conduit haviiw greatest crosssectional area and spaced from said impeller, said guide vanes havinginlet guiding surfaces lying in planes substantially parallel to theaXiS of Said impeller and having discharge guiding surfaces lying inplanes intersecting said axis and said conduit being free fromobstructions between said vanes and said in'ipeller, and a flowdecelerator coinlnunicating with. the discharge of said inipeller.

In testimony whereof, the signature of the inventor is aiiiXed hereto.

FORREST NAGLER.

